Unaccompanied minors flying — potential nightmares around every corner

by Ned Levi on December 26, 2011

Southwest Airlines plane on Tarmac by Gtarded, http://www.flickr.com/photos/gtarded/with/2344446739/

On Tuesday, December 21st Elena Kerr put her nine year old daughter, Chloe, on a Southwest Airlines flight from Nashville to New York to see her grandparents for the Christmas holiday. The plane was scheduled to make stops in Columbus and Baltimore before landing at LaGuardia Airport, but the youngster was not supposed to deplane until it was at the gate in New York, where her aunt would be awaiting her arrival.

The flight didn’t go smoothly.

The flight had weather problems from the start. Fog hit Columbus, so the flight first landed in Cleveland. This delayed its arrival in Baltimore, and subsequently at LaGuardia.

Kerr had no idea anything was wrong until she received a frantic phone call from her sister waiting for Chloe at LaGuardia.

Chloe’s aunt, finding that Chloe wasn’t on board the flight called Kerr saying, “Were you going to call and tell me she was going to be late?”

It took about an hour for Southwest to determine where Chloe was and let Kerr know what happened. For some inexplicable reason, in Baltimore, a Southwest employee took Chloe off the plane and rebooked the 9 year old on a flight five hours later. Chloe was at Baltimore’s BWI airport. The problem is, no one contacted Chloe’s mother or aunt about the change.

Two Southwest policies must be called into question concerning Chloe Boyce’s travail.

Southwest states in their policy on unaccompanied minors,

“Unaccompanied Minors are allowed to travel on only nonstop or same-plane service (makes one or two stops but does not require a change of planes or flight number).”

In his statement about what happened to Chloe, Brad Hawkins, Southwest spokesperson said, in part,

“Our unaccompanied minor policy does not include the contacting of guardians when a flight is delayed or rerouted, but we typically do our best to keep guardians notified when a disruption in scheduled service occurs. Unfortunately, we did not connect with the parents of the customer traveling in this situation.”

I question why a Southwest employee would take Chloe off her flight and rebook her on a flight 5 hours later, when the original flight was continuing to New York, as planned, albeit late.

Moreover, I question why Southwest’s policy doesn’t require immediate notification to an unaccompanied minor’s parents or guardians about flight changes when delayed or rerouted, or if the child is rebooked on a different flight.

To its credit, Southwest says it’s investigating why no one called Kerr about Chloe’s delayed flight and rebooking, but it is apparently not redressing its lack of requiring such communication. Moreover, Southwest hasn’t addressed why Chloe was removed from her flight from Baltimore to New York.

Southwest needs to immediately reevaluate their unaccompanied minor policies and their training of personnel in carrying them out.

Chloe did make it to New York, picked up by her very relieved aunt. While in Baltimore, a Southwest flight attendant took her to Hudson News to get her a drink and snacks, and a Southwest pilot bought her dinner. Of course, that still doesn’t make up for the mistakes the airline made.

As families are spread out, grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins may live across the country or overseas. Due to job opportunities and remarriage, a child’s divorced mother and father may live far apart. Both these situations often give parents, especially in today’s economy, little choice but to send their children flying without them, to see grandparents and parents away from their home.

While there is no question Southwest Airlines was wrong in how it handled Chloe’s travel on their airline to New York, I wonder about Kerr’s choice in booking that particular flight for her daughter, and about Kerr giving her daughter an easy way to communicate with her, if she had difficulty on her flight.

Whenever possible, I try to fly direct, non-stop flights, to my destination. Potential problems due to weather, mechanical difficulties, etc., are minimized by eliminating or minimizing intermediate stops between one’s origin and destination airport. If that’s not possible, I will take a flight with a minimum of stops prior to my destination.

I normally try to fly in the morning too. This can minimize the effects of getting caught in a day’s build up of cascading delays, and can maximize the number of available potential alternate flights, if any, if my scheduled flight is delayed or canceled. I think these same “rules of thumb” would even be more important for booking a flight for a child flying alone.

In an online review I found no non-stop flights from Nashville to New York are currently available on Southwest Airlines, but both American and Delta airlines have non-stop flights between these cities. Flying via Southwest takes 5–6 hours including layovers, but flying on American or Delta takes only 2–2½ to reach New York from Nashville.

Kerr would have had to spend about $125 more for Chloe to fly non-stop, but I think, that would have been the far better choice for her safety and comfort, and her family’s peace of mind.

I also think most 9-year-olds know how to use cell phones, and if instructed, call home if anything unusual happened on their trip. Apparently Chloe didn’t have a cell phone for her trip. Had she had one, Kerr and her sister could have immediately known about the problems Chloe was having.

Next week I’ll follow up today’s column with some travel advice about sending your youngster flying unaccompanied, which I’ve gathered over the years, from parents and experts.

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  • Aaron

    Ned, I can only assume that Southwest had a reason for taking Chloe off the flight. Yes, they missed the step of contacting the parent, but the crew did see that she was cared for while waiting for the next flight.

    In terms of why the parents flew her on Southwest, versus AA or Delta which offered direct flights, I can offer the following:

    1. The direct flights on AA or Delta are on commuter planes. I know I personally would take the Southwest 737 over a commuter flight any day. Perhaps Chloe has an issue with smaller planes (or her parents do)?

    2. The UM fee on AA or Delta is $100, versus $50 on Southwest. So the $125 difference in fares is now $225.

    3. Southwest has free checked baggage, AA and Delta do not. There’s another $25.

    So, from a cost standpoint, for an additional $250, I’ll take the extra hop and a real plane. I’m sure Chloe’s parents were thinking the same thing. I don’t have any fault for them. My fault lies with Southwest. The second they rebooked her on a different flight, for whatever reason, they should have contacted both her parents, and whoever was listed as the pickup person on her UM form. I can only guess that this was an oversight on their part, probably compounded by the influx of holiday travelers. I’m not saying they are off the hook, and lay no blame, just that it may have just been a simple oversight.

  • Eastieski

    Ned doesn’t mention that supposedly the flight from Baltimore to New York was overbooked and that’s why Chloe was removed and rebooked! The speculation in reports I saw being that they couldn’t get any adults to change so someone made the decision to take the child off the plane and rebook her for a later flight.

  • Anonymous

    Once again apparently the sky is falling.

  • Ron

    If we are to place blame in this case I think both Southwest and the parents share the blame.

    Southwest apparently has no mechanism in place  to gather information on children flying with them. Why would they not take the precaution to require that information when booking. 

    Same with the parents.  Why not make sure the child has contact information on the child’s person?

    I agree with Ned on his assessments and there are other considerations that can be identified but both should take responsibility for this mishap.

  • reichen

    Bottom Line – don’t send your child alone on any flight. The responsible person is the parent. No one else. Why would you expect complete strangers to take care of your child for you. If they are old enough to fly alone then the child should be old enough to use a cell phone (and I am sure that they have one) to call Mom or Dad and tell them why they are not at their destination.  Is your child mature enough to figure out how to ride a bus from the mall to your home, or can they be trusted to call in when they are at the library or school late?  Do you send them to the store with a list and they get everything on it?  Do they know their home address?  Have they take a taxi by themselves?  Do they know how to get help when they are separated from you?  If the answer to any of these is “no” then you shouldn’t be sending them alone on a plane anywhere.  
    Yes, it would have been nice for Southwest to call….but it isn’t their responsibility.  You want a personal escort for your child then you have to pay for it.  Otherwise, keep the kid at home or teach them how to travel safely.

  • Nancy

    If you had children you would certainly understand the concern here expressed about not communicating with the guardians listed on the paperwork that was filled out before the child was allowed through security.  How could any employee not think that making a call wasn’t important when a child is taken off their booked flight?

  • http://profiles.google.com/saucywench S E Tammela

    I am just aghast that anyone thought it’s ok to send a child unaccompanied on any flight with two stops – a child who apparently hadn’t been prepared and instructed on how to contact someone when things changed.

    I can see why this isn’t all the parents’ fault, but I keep going back to the thought of “Why did they book that flight?”. And even on non-stop flights, we keep hearing of kids who are somehow separated from the staff supposed to be caring for them. Sadly these kids are often completely unprepared for it.

    If you want your kids to be able to look after themselves on a flight, then they should be capable of all of these things:
    1. Know their destination airport and any stopovers, and be able to recount the route to you perfectly.
    2. Know their home phone number including area code, know their destination contact person’s contact info, including full name. They should also have this info on them and in their bag.
    3. Know to ask questions, and to notify relatives if anything changes, and/or ask staff to do this for them.
    4. Know how to locate someone to help them if something goes differently to plan, or they get lost (ie, how to look for Information desks, or, to ask for help from a lady with children if all else fails).
    5. Understand the importance of keeping their ticket/passport safe and their belongings in sight at all times.
    6. Have a basic understanding on what’s going to happen on the way, for example, knowing that their bag gets taken away on the belt, that they’ll have to go through security checks or collect bags afterwards, and what they will need to do at these points, like removing shoes or belts.
    7. Know about turning their electronic devices off at the right times, etc.

    These are things that even adults struggle with at times and make mistakes with. It can take a lot of work to prepare a small child for coping with all these things, and of course delays and re-routing can happen to any flight. Human beings are not perfect, and the airline obviously dropped the ball here at times – I don’t care what the conditions of carriage say, they have an obligation when it comes to a child – but please, parents, do a little bit of thinking before sending your kids on a flight. Even with a chaperone there are some things EVERY child should know for their own safety. Even if it’s boring to “play act” a flight with your kids a hundred times, and chant phone numbers until they stick in memory, it’s important.

  • Anonymous

    The first thought that popped into my mind was that they needed the seat for a more “important” passenger and a 9-year old UM wouldn’t protest. I place most of the blame on Southwest, with the lack-of-cell-phone situation on the parents.

  • Ned Levi

    Wow, there are some great comments here. Permit me to answer some of the excellent points brought out.

    Aaron, I already took into account the $100 difference in the “Unaccompanied Minor Fee” between Southwest vs. American or Delta. The actual fare differential was about $25 (It’s higher as of fares listed today). I didn’t take into account the $25 charge for the luggage, however. Thanks. So my cost differential jumps from $125 (fare + UMF) to $150 (fare + UMF+ LF). Regardless, $125/$150 or even $200, for many, that is a large piece of change, as you’ve pointed out, but we are talking about a 9 year old here, albeit a mature one, and I think one should bite the bullet, if at all possible, or not send the child unaccompanied, if its a legally unrequired trip when the difference is unaffordable. By the way, Southwest has a number of 1 intermediate stop flights for the same price. That certainly would have been a better choice.

    I understand your commuter plane point. I’m not a fan of them myself, but I would absolutely take a commuter plane over a 737, every time, when the travel time differential is 3–3½ hours, which it is in this case.

    Not contacting the parents may have been a simple oversight, however, Southwest doesn’t require the parents be contacted according to their UM Policy. That’s just wrong. Mistakes certainly happen, but policy decisions are discussed and discussed, and this is a bad policy decision.

    Eastieski, Chloe was already on the flight. She had a seat on the plane. She was confirmed through to LGA. Southwest was very sketchy when answering questions about why Chloe was removed from the flight. It’s my belief we’ll never know for sure why it happened, but I would be very suprised if overbooking was the cause, as if it was, there will be very big trouble for the airline such as a major lawsuit. Eastieski and CarChar, Southwest’s policy, according to them, is to not bump UM’s who hold a boarding pass, or for that matter anyone already holding a boarding pass for a flight. Chloe was already seated on the plane and therefore couldn’t be bumped under Southwest’s policy, “Southwest does not involuntarily deny boarding to any Customer who is holding a boarding pass, regardless of fare purchased, status in our frequent flyer program, or for any other reason.”

    Kairho, I think that indeed the sky was falling for Kerr and her sister. Not knowing what’s happened to your 9 year old is a big deal. I think how Southwest handled the situation is indeed a very serious problem. In 2007, the last year for which I can find any reliable data, American Airlines flew roughly 200,000 unaccompanied minors and Southwest more than 100,000. How these youngsters are handled is a major big deal for parents.

    Nancy, I’m with you. Our younger child once missed his school bus coming home. It was the school’s own van. The school didn’t know where he was when we called them to find out when the bus came to our block and he wasn’t on it. We were frantic. Fortunately, he eventually called us and I got him.

    Ron, I agree that the blame is shared, but I want to make sure you know that Southwest did have the contact information. It’s all in the paperwork which accompanies the child. It’s all required by Southwest, like the other airlines, at the time of booking and/or when you check an unaccompanied minor on to the flight.

    Reichen, we never sent our children on a flight alone. We always flew with them, or for a couple of school trips, while they were in high school, the school had parents and teachers with them at all times. That being said, we had the financial ability to do so, and we weren’t divorced (We’re still together after almost 40 years) with custody problems.

    For some people, sending their children on a flight without them is unavoidable. You were right that it wasn’t Southwest’s legal responsibility to call Kerr when her daughter’s flight had problems and her flight to NYC was rebooked, because it’s not in their contract with parents. Nevertheless, I believe it was the company’s moral responsibility to call Kerr and her sister, and Southwest should have made it their legal responsibility under their contract. All airlines should take on that responsibility, in my opinion, if they are going to fly unaccompanied minors.

    I believe it was also Kerr’s responsibility to give Chloe instructions to call if there were any problems with the flight, and instructed her as to what problems should cause Chloe to call her. I believe she should have given Chloe a cell phone to make it easy to call her. Those prepaid cellphone are very inexpensive and great for emergencies. For example, you can purchase a good quality AT&T prepaid phone for $20 with no contract whatsoever. Then it costs $2 to use, nationwide in the US, for any day you use it, for unlimited minutes. Armed with that phone, Chloe could have called her mother at every stop and let her know how things were going, with no extra cost.

    SE Tammela, I understand your point of view. Sometimes multiple stops are unavoidable, but in this case they were avoidable, but at a somewhat increased cost. I actually think not giving Chloe an easy way to call her mother every step of the way was worse than the flight Kerr chose to book. I also understand your and Reichen’s comments about an unaccompanied child’s maturity and what they were capable of doing while traveling. That said, many parents are under real legal constraints with custody arrangements, and their own financial resourses. In this case, however, there were no custody restraints, but we don’t know about financial resources. Nevertheless, in this case, if it was me, if I couldn’t afford the extra cash to have a cell phone in 9 year old Chloe’s hands, and put her on a direct non-stop flight to LGA, I wouldn’t have sent her. That’s my bottom line on this situation.

    That being said, those mistakes don’t abrogate Southwest from their responsibility, legal or moral, and in my opinion, not only did they very much fell down on the job, their policy which doesn’t require their agents to call parents and legal guardians when their is trouble is wrong. They need to change their policy.

  • TonysTravel

    Let’s not loose focus on the cause of this incident.    There is no EXCUSE in the world for Southwest’s failure in transporting this 9 tear old child.   They had a contract to transport this child and they FAILED…..pure and simple.

  • AKFlyer

    I am a frequent flyer on AS.  I have trip alerts set on my account, generating automatic emails to my BlackBerry about the status of any flight I take on Alaska or its code shares.  What’s so hard about doing this for flights your own daughter is taking?  And what’s so hard about using one of the many onliine fight tracking sites to monitor your minor child’s cross-country progress?  At a certain point I roll my eyes at the helplessness of such clueless parents.

  • Jlgarland

    She was taken off of the flight original and rebooked for 5 hours later without their knowledge. Of course they could have tracked the flight that she was supposed to be on. woohoo.  Southwest, I’m ashamed and upset with you, you were my favorite airline.

  • Anonymous

    Ned, I still think the biggest question is why was she removed from the flight that she was on and rebooked on another. The issue of not calling the parents or the aunt waiting for her is secondary to why she was taken off the plane. If it was to feed her, then they should say so. If that plane arrived in NYC with all seats taken, then it’s looking pretty fishy about why a 9-year-old unaccompanied minor would be taken off a plane and rebooked. (BTW, I am also Eastieski — this new way of signing in has given me lots of identities.) But, I have to agree with some of the other comments, I would not send a child on a plane by him or herself and expect the airlines to watch out for him or her. In fact, i didn’t even let my elderly mother, who had all of her faculties, but still got confused by big airports, fly by herself.

  • LFH

    I don’t like the use of the word “layover” in this context. Typically, the term “layover” is used for the time interval between two consecutive legs at a connection point, required because of the relevant schedules of those two legs. It is usually symonymous with the term “connecting time” (though sometimes “connecting time” is used for relatively short connections and “layover” is used for relatively long connections); a “layover” is distinguishable from a “stopover,” the latter being a purposeful break in journey at an intermediate point. Here, there was a single vehicle, and its travel time was longer than a nonstop journey because of intermediate stops, not because of any connections. In this context, instead of using the word “layover” I would say, “Flying via Southwest takes 5–6 hours, including intermediate stops, but flying on
    American or Delta takes only 2–2½ to reach New York from Nashville nonstop.”

  • Ned Levi

    I’m not sure it’s the biggest question, but it sure is an important one for Southwest. They really need to figure out what happened and why. Unless there was something wrong with Chloe, they violated their own regulations, and their “Contract of Carriage” when they took her off. As mentioned, if the last leg of the flight was overbooked and they took her off, their parents are staring at a very winnable breach of contract suit, and since a 9 year old would be involved, it would be very newsworthy.

    At this point, until they decide when their investigation into the incident is over, Southwest will not be answering further questions about it.

    I wouldn’t send a child that age alone on a plane either, but I can afford it. For some parents, for a variety of reasons, accompanying a child isn’t possible, for a trip considered mandatory, such as with regard to parental custody arrangements.

  • Ned Levi

    LFH, I’m sorry, but I can’t help but think that nitpicking about which techical term is more correct is hardly important to the point that Kerr sent her daughter on a flight which included 2 intermediate stops and was scheduled to take more than 5 hours, while there were direct non-stop flights available which would take a little longer than 2 hours. The longer flight had far more opportunity for things to go wrong, and made for a much more difficult journey for 9 year old Chloe, than was necessary.

    Additionally, unless there was something wrong with Chloe, there is no plausible excuse for taking her off the plane in Baltimore, that I can think of at the current time, and rebooking her on a later flight, and definitely no excuse for not informing her mother of the change.

  • Susie

    We flew home out of John Wayne Airport on the 29th of December and had  2 minors on board  with us. It was a United  flight. Not a  peep. They were  a dream to fly with.

    Of course we had a somewhat smooth flight, with a “bit” of turbulence, (okay we  were rockin’ and rollin’ coming out of the Rockies) coming into Denver and I was cringing and hiding my head. I just about cried and would have if it would have if it kept up. I am not  a great flier anyway and turbulence spells TROUBLE with me in an airplane. 

    Those two little girls  outflew me through that! :)

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